The total opposition (i.e., resistance or reactance) a circuit offers to the flow of alternating current. It is measured in ohms and the lower the ohmic value, the better the quality of the conductor.

For ESD flooring materials, high conductivity alone is not a measure of quality. In end-user environments, such as 9-1-1 dispatch operations, call centers, and flight control towers (among others), conductive floors are not permitted*, as they can be an electrical safety hazard.

* Industry standards, including Motorola R56ATIS 0600321, and FAA 019f, for the telecom industry and flight control towers, require floors to measure > 1.0 x 10E6